In the meantime I recommend looking over this resource
Introduction to the physical properties of soils and substrates.
the bark, pine mulch and sand you're using are all about as far from aquarium gravel in terms of properties and water retention as you could get,
It's funny cos in horticulture, sand is used to aid drainage but the tiny particles are much more water retentive than larger particle bonsai substrate components
Collected junipers are kept on the dry side
Also the chop which likely made this tree appealing in the first place could have been its death sentence even had everything else been perfect,
Vigorous growing tips are usually left to fuel root growth.
This tree lost a fair amount of its top growth and its roots, the odds were always against it. But all is not lost if you at least learned a thing or two from your experience and this thread!