When I was studying archaeology, charcoal was an important topic of discussion, since carbonized organic matter lasts effectively forever, but raw organic matter decomposes quickly, and it’s lost to the archaeological record. As an example, my professor used to pass around a perfectly-preserved loaf of bread, turned into a deep black charcoal. I wish I had a picture to post.
Anyway, insofar as it affects bonsai substrate, “biochar” charcoal effectively won’t ever break down chemically in the soil, but it will break down mechanically. It will gradually lose its structural integrity, eventually turning to dust. I believe that’s likely why
@Leo in N E Illinois indicated a five-year timespan for using it. It’s not much different from Akadama in that sense. That said, I don’t know whether roots can thrive in broken-down charcoal the same way they can thrive in broken-down Akadama. The properties might not be the same.