I found these on my Chinese Elm last week. Turns out they are Calico Scale.
At least one was full of eggs under the cap. Apparently they can lay up to 4500 eggs under the cap.
I had never seen them before but, they are supposed to be a common pest on elms.
These got a bath in isopropyl alcohol.
The scourge of scale. Luckely theyre easily eradicated by just scaping them off. On my podocarpus cuttings. But also on the stems of pomegranate. Once on my big jasmine. That took a long time. Best to check the underside of leaves and also sterms and put on some glasses then doulle back later. Bloody sap suckers. Interesting though?
Couldn't find the culprit, but noticed this on one of my junipers.
I'm thinking some sort of caterpillar, but not sure what kind. The brown is just dead bits of the juniper that have been chewed off and attached with the silk.
I'll have to take a closer look once I get the kids to school.