Temperate zone trees go through a lengthy process in preparation for winter dormancy. Deciduous trees don't drop their leaves because of the cold. They drop them because of the shorter days in mid-to late summer and autumn (days start getting shorter at the end of June, at the summer solstice). The shortening day length (shorter light exposure) trips off hormonal changes in trees that "tell" them it is time to begin preparations for the coming winter.
As the days grow shorter, deciduous trees shift their energy from pushing new green growth to preserving starches and other nutrients in roots and wood. The most active growth period for them is early spring through mid-summer. New shoot and leaf production tails off through mid-summer, but root growth continues into the fall.
Warming soil temperatures in the spring, "tells" them to begin growth. Since ground temps can lag far behind air temps in springtime, this is a failsafe that tends to prevent trees from beginning growth when the dangers of freezing temps are still around...
This is a round about way of saying that constant indoor lighting can't hope to replicate this process. That's why temperate deciduous trees like maples, elms, hollies, oaks, etc. can't be brought indoors for the winter. They have no way of "knowing" when to go dormant and continue to grow, expending all their energy. Indoors, their internal clocks are short-circuited.
Some growers in tropical zones who grow temperate zone trees plunk them in refrigerators, which can serve to force dormancy to some extent (although it's not technically dormancy, but a strong arm way of shocking them into stop growing). It's not really a great way to keep deciduous trees.