I dont think it is too far gone....yet, but its not far from it.
A repot will not solve the problem or help the tree at this point though.
The bud you mention looks fine, it shouldn't be opening yet.
Buds form in the fall and just sit all winter and open in the spring so its probably too early for that right now.
First some questions for you.
Where are you located? Please put your location on your profile so we dont have to repeatedly ask.
How often are you watering it?
Does it drain when you water?
EDIT: I missed a couple of details from reading too fast...
As mentioned below, inside is a death sentence for a pine. They can not live inside, they need a dormancy period which is an extended period (months) below 40 degrees F.
Unfortunately, if it hasnt had a chance to get ready for dormancy in the fall from cooler temperatures and shorter days because its been inside, just throwing it outside now probably wont work unless its above 40 degrees F at least.