I don't mean to overstep, but if we view bonsai as art (I do mostly, but I also see it as a science, and as a craft), then wouldn't it be as many other artforms? That as it evolves and spreads, each country or region (or era [classical music, rock, jazz, etc] in time) develops its own style, just as language evolves?
Consider, possibly, Latin, which bred the Romance languages. Spanish has a semblance to French has a semblance to Italian as to Portuguese. And each of these languages have offshoots around the world. When these languages are spoken and heard, they are recognized as Romance languages, even with their unique eccentricities.
Could the same be allowed in bonsai, that just as the Japanese adopted the Chinese artform and made it their own, mastering an art that was already developed, that the rest of the world could also add its influence? And to do this without diluting the original concept of the Japanese or Chinese seems absolutely achievable to me.
Literati? I don't have enough real experience to hazard a description, nor do I have the words to explain the abstract image in my mind. I'm perfectly fine with the artist, or any veteran eyes telling me "Yeah, that's a fine literati specimen." I'm going to defer to those who actually have an idea from their own experience.