I watered over a thousand trees for my bonsai teacher, for over a year. one day he went to work on one of my freshly watered maples and called me over to show me a dry spot, where the trees trunk had prevented the hose from soaking the soil. He stated specifically that watering like that can cause entire branches to die on a tree. While it's not really first hand experience to yours, it's trusted criticism from someone decades in the hobby. And a mistake made by (me) someone who was no longer a beginner and in fact even enjoys watering trees. So, your die back could totally be one of those things you mentioned, but you have basically spelled out a dry spot in the soil caused by incorrect watering leading to a known result. I would definitely point to an inexperienced person volunteering to help out.
It's the reason my signature here is "almost out of the hobby" haha. it's too hard to go away and live life. I met a guy in the hobby recently that's at my exact same point of frustration with it. when does a hobby take more than it gives? I digress...