I’ve had my tree for about 5 months and the leaves are browning. I have 3 other Japanese Maples, different species on the property that are doing well.
My first thought too. How much sun does it get each day? What climate are you in? (Update in your profile so you don't have to type this every post)
What kind of soil is it in?
It's the most common mistake. People think a big pot means faster growth, but that isn't true, particularly for JMs, which commonly suffer from pots that are too big.
A three foot tree should be in a one or three gallon container. 40" is much too wide.
I presume that it's also on a watering schedule that keeps the soil moist, which is also a problem.
If this were my tree, I'd carefully down pot into something just larger than the root ball. It's not a great time of year to be disturbing roots, but it's better than the alternative.
That's also what I think. A good proportion of lava rock (pozzolane) in the mix helps, more oxygen, healthier leaves. But I don't think there's any fungal problem.
You don't mention your location in your profile : knowing where you live could help for a better diagnosis. If you live in a place where there was a heat wave, + a compact soil, that could explain the symptoms.