Holes in Hornbeam Leaves

[CLbonsai86]

Hello. Just curious what would cause holes like these in a hornbeam. Thank you in advance.

 

[cmeg1]

Chewing inext or larvae...may still be on the plant down lower and feeding at night

 

[sorce]

I'd guess 2 different ones as well. Since I think it's pretty typical that mandibles cut from the center, or the edge, rarely both.

The holes look like Japanese Beetle. At least, without finding a culprit on a maple of mine with similar holes, and knowing JBeetles come and go, and since they prefer this maple, I suspect them.

The other looks like caterpillar. And you have to already know your tree very intimately to find a caterpillar. Or look 3 or 4 different times, and use your hands to look.

Sorce